Derivation of Jackson 6_37
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Short note by Phil dated 10.13.13, rederiving Jackson's equations 6.37 and 6.38 (6.15 and 6.16 in the blue SI edition). It starts from the Maxwell equations with B=μH, D=εE and J=σE, substitutes E=-grad φ-∂A/∂t and B=curl A into the two inhomogeneous equations, and applies the Lorenz gauge to get the wave equations. An alternate derivation using the two curl equations is begun but left unfinished.
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Derivation of green Jackson 6.37 and 6.38 PhL 10.13.13
blue Jackson 6.15 and 6.16
I will do this in blue Jackson in SI units, so the equation numbers will be different
1. Statement of problem:
Start with my own transmission lines equations which match Jackson's
curl H = ∂D/∂t + J Maxwell curl H equation (1.1.1)
curl E = - ∂B/∂t Maxwell curl E equation (1.1.2)
div D = ρ Maxwell div D equation (1.1.3)
div B = 0 Maxwell div B equation (1.1.4)
B = μH magnetic permeability μ (1.1.5)
D = εE electric permeability ε (dielectric constant) (1.1.6)
J = σE Ohm's Law (σ = conductivity) (1.1.7)
And make use of
B = curl A E = - grad φ - ∂A/∂t . (1.3.1)
and first derive these two equations:
2. Jackson's Derivation.
As a hint, Jackson tells us to use just the two "inhomo" which for him are these
curl H = ∂D/∂t + J div D = ρ
I first rewrite these as
(1/μ)curl B = ε ∂tE + J div E = ρ/ε
I then insert E = - grad φ - ∂A/∂t and B = curlA to get
(1/μ)curl curl A = ε∂t[- grad φ - ∂A/∂t] + J div [- grad φ - ∂A/∂t] = ρ/ε
or
(1/μ)curl curl A = ε [- grad ∂tφ - ∂t2A] + J div [grad φ + ∂tA] = -ρ/ε
or
grad div A - 2A = με [- grad ∂tφ - ∂t2A] + μJ [2 φ + ∂t div A] = -ρ/ε
or
2A - grad div A =(1/c2) [grad ∂tφ + ∂t2A] - μJ [2 φ + ∂t div A] = -ρ/ε
or
2A - (1/c2) ∂t2A = grad div A + (1/c2) [grad ∂tφ] [2 φ + ∂t div A] = -ρ/ε
or
2A - (1/c2) ∂t2A - grad [div A + (1/c2) ∂tφ ] = - μJ [2 φ + ∂t div A] = -ρ/ε
Thus I have derived the two equations shown above.
Next step is to use
div A = - (1/c2) ∂tφ
and these equations then become
2A - (1/c2) ∂t2A = - μJ [2 φ - (1/c2) ∂t2 div A] = -ρ/ε
and these are what I want,
3. An Alternate Derivation
Instead of using the two "inhomo equations", use the two curl equations:
curl H = ∂tD + J Maxwell curl H equation (1.1.1)
curl E = - ∂tB Maxwell curl E equation (1.1.2)
Rewrite these as
(1/μ)curl B = ε∂tE + J
curl E = - ∂tB
or
curl B = με∂tE + μJ
curl E = - ∂tB
Now in the first equation replace B = curl A to get
curl curl A = με∂tE + μJ
Then use the same identity used above to write this as
grad div A - 2A = με∂tE + μJ
Then install E = - grad φ - ∂tA to get
grad div A - 2A = με [- grad ∂tφ - ∂t2A] + μJ
or
grad div A - 2A = με [- grad ∂tφ - ∂t2A] + μJ
etc.