PL cantilever crude attempt
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Informal working notes by Phil dated 3.26.05, written before consulting Lai's Continuum Mechanics. He sets up the 2D equilibrium equations with gravity for an isotropic elastic solid, derives two coupled PDEs for the displacements u1 and u2, then sets u1 to zero and tries a quadratic polynomial for u2. He ends by noting the attempt is crude and omits the shear force at the support.
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This is the Title PhL 3.26.05
I am going to try this problem before reading about it in Lai. The famous cantilever beam. Assume 2 is down and 1 is to the right. The Navier equation is local to a point as says ρg is the gravity force so
0 = 0 + ∂jT1j // the 1 direction equation
0 = ρg + ∂jT2j // the 2 direction equation
We assume things stay in a vertical plane so u3 = 0 and also T3i = 0 for all i. Then the equations above are
0 = ∂1T11 + ∂2T12
0 = ρg + ∂1T21+ ∂2T22
Assume T symmetric. And assume isoptropic elastic solid so that
Tij = λeδij + 2μEij Eij= (1/2)(∂iuj+∂jui) e = div u = ∂1u1+ ∂2u2
So where does this lead us?
T11 = λe + 2μE11 = λe + 2μ∂1u1 = λ∂1u1+ λ∂2u2 + 2μ∂1u1 = (λ+2μ) ∂1u1 + λ∂2u2
T22 = λe + 2μE22 = λe + 2μ∂2u2 = λ∂1u1+ λ∂2u2 +2μ∂2u2 = λ ∂1u1 + (λ+2μ)∂2u2
T12 = 2μE12= μ(∂1u2+∂2u1)
Now we need derivatives:
∂1T11 = ∂1[(λ+2μ) ∂1u1 + λ∂2u2] = (λ+2μ) ∂12u1 + λ ∂1∂2u2
∂2T12 = ∂2[μ(∂1u2+∂2u1)] = μ∂1∂2u2 +μ∂22u1
So insisting these add to zero requires that
(λ+2μ) ∂12u1 + λ ∂1∂2u2 + μ∂1∂2u2 +μ∂22u1 = 0
(λ+2μ) ∂12u1 + (λ+μ) ∂1∂2u2 + ∂22u1 = 0 (1)
which is a strange 2D PDE. The other equation needs
∂2T22 = λ ∂1∂2u1 + (λ+2μ)∂22u2
and then it says
-ρg = ∂1T21+ ∂2T22 = [μ(∂12u2+∂1∂2u1) + λ ∂1∂2u1 + (λ+2μ)∂22u2
-ρg = μ∂12u2 + (μ+λ) ∂1∂2u1 + (λ+2μ)∂22u2 (2)
So there are our two equations. Write again as
(λ+2μ) ∂12u1 + (λ+μ) ∂1∂2u2 + ∂22u1 = 0 (1)
μ∂12u2 + (λ+μ) ∂1∂2u1 + (λ+2μ)∂22u2 = -ρg (2)
In the small motion limit, I have done everything exactly. Now, suppose we assume that u1 << u2 . As our cantilever bends down, the up down motion is larger than the left right motion of a particle. Then we could just set perhaps u1 = 0 and then have
(λ+μ) ∂1∂2u2 = 0
μ∂12u2 + (λ+2μ)∂22u2 = -ρg
This is all for a particle in our little beam, it is just self loading. Do I know the solution of this:
A∂x2f + B∂y2f = C
This is a 2nd order linear PDE, so I presume there are two solutions. Try
f = a + bx + cy + αxy + β x2 + γ y2
∂x2f = 2β
∂y2f = 2γ
A2β + B2γ = C
So OK, we assume then that
u2 = a + bx1 + cx2 + α x1x2 + β x12 + γ x22
Then our first two equations say
(λ+μ) ∂1[c + αx1+2γx2] = 0
(λ+μ)α = 0 => α = 0 which I guess is OK by me
The second equation says
μ2β + (λ+2μ)2γ = -ρg
and this just makes a connection between β and γ.
β + [λ+2μ)/μ]γ = -ρg/2μ => β = -ρg/2μ – [λ+2μ)/μ]γ
I would also require that u2(0,0) = 0 and so then a = 0. Our solution might then be
u2(x1,y1) = bx1 + cx2 + β x12 + γ x22
OK, stop. I am just goofing around, let's now see how it's done right then come back here and make repairs. I know I omitted the fact that the total Mg of the beam equals the total shear force at the connection. I think there are approximations I need to make beyond those above.