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two curls and their weight
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Informal working note by Phil reviewing his Section 13 vector Laplacian work. He checks whether the curl C of a vector B is a vector of weight -1, using the epsilon tensor of weight -1 and covariant derivatives. He considers B as a weight 0 or weight -1 density, and applies a theorem that (g^(W/2) B_b);a is a weight 0 tensor, concluding C has weight -1 in both cases.
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Here I am reviewing my Section 13 Vec Lap work.
The second term V is little more complicated. First, from Section 12 (d),
C = curl B = ε'nab [(1/) ∂'a{ B'b} ] en = J-1C'n en J =
(1) Confusion. The above can be written
C = curl B = J-1 ε'nab [ ∂'a{ B'b} ] en = J-1C'n en J =
and then I get
C'n = ε'nab∂'aB'b
C = curl B = J-1C'n en = g'-1/2 ε'nab∂'aB'b en = g'-1/2 ε'nab B'b;a en = g'-1/2 C'n en
C = curl B= Cn un = εnab Bb;a un
Looking at this last equation, I would say that Bb;a was a tensor with weight 0, and εnab was a tensor of weight -1, so writing Cn = εnab Bb;a, I would say Cn was a vector of weight -1. Then we know
C'n = J RnmCm
Now since Cn = εnab Bb;a is a "valid tensor density equation" my section 7 (u) or whatever says that in x'-space this equation should take the covariant form
C'n = ε'nab B'b;a
and that IS consistent with what I have written above. So I guess there is no confusion here.
(2) Now suppose it happened that Bn were components of a weight - 1 vector. Then the logic of my derivation in Section 13 says B'b → J-1B'b and I claim then that
C = curl B = J-1 ε'nab [ ∂'a{ J-1B'b} ] en
Now here is how B transforms in this case, weight -1.
B'n = J RnmBm
The Big Question is: how do you now expand C. Suppose we assume
C'n = J-W RnmCm C = JW C'n en
and we seek to determine W. Then the above equation says
JW C'n = J-1 ε'nab [ ∂'a{ J-1B'b} ]
In Cartesian space we have
C = curl B = Cn un = εnab Bb;a un Cn = εnab Bb;a
Theorem: if Bb has weight W, then Bb;a has the same weight. Did I claim that somewhere? Maybe this is a wrong theorem! It is pretty important right now! I think this is wrong!
No, this claim is right. I updated tensor doc to include covariant derivatives of tensor densities!
Correct Theorem: If Bb has weight W, then (gW/2Bb);a is a tensor of weight 0.
But can you say anything about Bb;a ?? I think this is NOT a tensor density!!! [ yes it is ]
Theorem: If Bb is a vector density with weight -1, then (g-1/2Bb);a is a rank 2 tensor of weight 0.
Now go back to the above analysis. The Cartesian claim is of course still valid as written. But now write it this way
C = curl B = Cn un = εnab Bb,a un = εnab (g-1/2Bb),a un
At this point, we can consider
(g-1/2Bb);a = (g-1/2Bb),a – g-1/2 Γnba 2Bn
and then the symmetry kills the second term just as in the weightless case, so we get
C = curl B = Cn un = εnab Bb,a un = εnab (g-1/2Bb),a un = εnab (g-1/2Bb);a un
Cn = εnab (g-1/2Bb);a
NOW, we ask about the nature of Cn . The object (g-1/2Bb);a transforms as a zero weight rank 2 tensor! Therefore, vector Cn has weight -1 (and not weight -2, say ). So I think finally I have justified,
V = curl C = ε'ncd [(1/) ∂'c{ J-1C'd} ] en = J-1V'n en (*)
Review:
If B has weight 0, we write Cn = εnab Bb;a and C then has weight -1.
If B has weight -1, we write Cn = εnab (g-1/2Bb);a and C still has weight -1.
In Section 15 we end up adding this g-1/2 factor in Cartesian space just to get this result for each cross product so the second term will end up being a regular vector.